![]() With rs-fMRI, it is possible to evaluate alterations of internetwork as well as intranetwork connectivity independent from task-specific confounding effects of traditional active paradigms (Fedota & Stein, 2015 Lu & Stein, 2014) Here, resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a method to explore spontaneous fluctuations of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in different brain regions in the absence of specific cognitive tasks. This approach allows us to monitor functional segregation (i.e., regional information processing) as well as integration (i.e., combination of information from different brain regions), which is an important perspective for understanding human brain function as a complex interconnected system. ![]() ![]() The number of theoretical and empirical studies with a network perspective is rapidly increasing correspondingly, evaluation of large-scale networks is made possible through the development of new neuroimaging methods. Recent studies have revealed the intrinsic organization of the brain into coherent functional networks (Fox et al., 2005 Menon, 2011). The human brain can be regarded as a system composed of specialized modules, which interact temporally and/or spatially with each other (Polanía, Nitsche, & Paulus, 2012). Given the observed alteration of the targeted functional brain networks in methamphetamine users, new potentials are highlighted for tDCS as a network intervention strategy and rsfMRI as a suitable monitoring method for these interventions.īeyond investigation of the contribution of specific brain areas to specific cognitive and behavioral processes, contemporary approaches are extended to address communication between these regions. Additionally, alteration of subjective craving score was correlated with modified activation of the three networks. Moreover, the analysis shows significant modulation of DMN, ECN, and SN after real tDCS compared to sham stimulation. Subjective craving decreased significantly after real tDCS compared to sham stimulation ( p = .03). The RSNs were identified using seed-based analysis and were compared using a generalized linear model. Subjective craving was assessed before and after each fMRI scan. Resting state fMRI was acquired before and after real and sham stimulation. The anode and cathode electrodes were located over the right and left DLPFC, respectively. Each subject received both stimulation conditions with a 1-week washout period. Twenty-minute “real” and “sham” tDCS (2 mA) were applied over the DLPFC on two separate days in random order. We conducted a double-blinded sham-controlled crossover study. Methodsįifteen males were recruited after signing written informed consent. We targeted three large-scale RSNs the default mode network (DMN), the executive control network (ECN), and the salience network (SN). The major goal of this study was to explore effects of bilateral DLPFC stimulation on resting state networks (RSNs) in association with drug craving modulation. An increasing number of studies in the addiction literature suggests that tDCS modulates subjective self-reported craving through stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation tool suited to alter cortical excitability and activity via the application of weak direct electrical currents.
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